Machine tool



Sept.. 6, 1949.

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CHINE TOOL Filed April 9, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTQRS m mmm m m AKM, mmm mmm LW ATTQRNEY Sem 6 i949.

Filed April 9, 1946 c. A. BncKEL E'rAl.

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c.` A. BlcKEL ETAL ruled April 9,' 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 CLIFFQQR N E .BRA DE uRe sufheooone POSTE@ EMM/957W ATTORNEYS Sept 5 1949 c. A. alcKEL E-rAL 2,481,383

MACHINE TOOL Filed April 9, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 7 FIG. 5 8 2/20 9 222 242 224 'N V r ,W I 234 ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 6, 1949 2,481,383 MACHINE 'rooL Cliiord A. Bickel,

Theodore Foster,

The Monarch Machine a corporation of Ohio Application April 9, 1946, Serial No. 660,794

Claims.

This invention relates to machine tools and, particularly, to machine tools having multiple operating heads and a table or slide movable relative thereto in timed relationship.

it is an object oi this invention to provide a machine tool capable oi' operating a plurality of workpieces simultaneously.

llt is another object to provide a machine tool having a work mount which simultaneously reciprocates a plurality of work members to and from a plurality oi tool holders.

lt is still another object to provide a machine tool having a slide which is automatically reclprocated at predetermined speeds to and from a plurality of work tools.

Stili another object is to provide a machine tool according to the foregoing objects wherein the tools and workpieces may be lnterchanged.

It is still another object to provide a mechanlsm for relatively reciprocating a plurality of work tools and a plurality of workpeces at predetermined adjustable speeds.

It is another object to provide a machine tool having a support which reciprocates to and from a plurality of rotating spindles and which has a rapid advance, a feed and a rapid retraction, the length of which may be selectively adjustable.

Another object of this invention is to provide a machine'tool in which there arcta plurality oi. spindles and a. reciprocable table, the table being adapted for supporting an indexing work fixture and the work xture and spindles being adjustable relatively for performing multiple operations on workpieces;

It is also an object to provide a machine tool having a plurality oi spindles and a reciprocable work fixture which is automatically indexed into successive positions as the tablereciprocates.

These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent upon reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool constructed according to this invention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the mechanism for reciprocating the slide of the machine shown in Figure l:

Figures 3 and 4 are wiring diagrams for controlling the operation of the power system of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a. perspective view of a modified Stanley A. Brandenburg, and Sidney, Ohio, assignors to Tool Co., Sidney, Ohio,

form of machine tool according to this invention;

Figure 6 is a transverse section through the work holding xture of the machine of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a section taken on the line 'i-i of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a view taken on the line 9 8 of Figure 6; and

Figure 9 is a view indicated by the line 9 9 of Figure 6.

General arrangement This invention generally comprises a machine tool bed which mounts a slide and a pair of spindles. The spindles may be powered from any suitable source such as a hydraulic power unit or an electric power unit in the machine bed and may be driven at any suitable speed which is preferably adjustable to meet the requirements of various classes of work.

The mechanism for .reciprocating the slide is substantially identical with that shown in our copending application Serial No. 571,530 filed January 5, 1945. This mechanism comprises a source of power and a iirst and a second driving connection between the said source of power and the machine slide. The first and second driving connections have diierent drive ratios so that the slide is driven at a. different rate fof speed by one than by: the other. Electrically actuated magnetic brakes and clutches are effective for rendering one or the other of said driving connections operative in order to obtain the rapid advance of the slide and the feed thereof. The

vsource of power is reversi-ble in order to obtain the rapid retraction of the slide and both of said driving connections are rendered inoperative in order to provide for a predetermined dwell of the slide at any time.

The control system for actuating the clutches and brakes is controlled by limit switches suitably located to be engaged by dogs or cams adjustably carried by the machine slide.

The driving mechanism for the slide includes change gears so that the speed of reciprocation thereof can be adjusted as the job requires.

Structural arrangement Referring to the drawings more in detail, I0 represents a machine bed mounting the spindles i2 and |4 on the pad I4. The bed I0 comprises the flat way I8 and the V-way I1 on which is reciprocably carried the slide 20. The heads I2 and I4 are preferably aligned with the path of the slide 20 so that workpieces carried by the support 22 on the said slide will be squarely presented to the tools 24 carried in the said spindles. Optionally, the workpieces may be chucked into the spindles I2 and I4 and the tools mounted on the support 22.

The slide 20 is reciprocated by a screw 28 journalled in the bed I8 which it engages by means of a nut 28 (Figure 2) xedly carried by the said slide.

The mechanism for rotating the screw 26 thereby to drive the table 20 in different directions is shown in Figure 2 wherein it will be seen to comprise a drive motor at 30 which drives through a pinion 32 into a. gear 34. The gear 34 has fastened thereto a gear 36 which drives through an idler 38 into a gear 40. The shaft 42 which mounts the gears 34 and 38 has secured to the end thereof a magnetic member 44 which is rotatable within an electromagnet coil and core generally indicated at 46.

In axial alignment with the shaft 42 is a shaft 48 having a splined end thereon which slidably receives the similarly splined amature 50. The armature is adapted, when the coil at 46 is energized, to move into driving engagement with the member 44 thereby drivingly to connect the shafts 42 and 48.

On the opposite side of the armature 50 from the coil 46 is a coil and core generally indicated at 52. The coil at 52, when energized, draws the armature 50 leftwardly clamping it stationarily against the core and thereby locking the shaft 48 against rotation. The shaft 48 is thus adapted selectively to be driven or to be clamped against rotation.

The shaft 54 which mounts the gear `40 and the shaft 56 in axial alignment therewith are equipped with an armature and clutch and brake coils identical with those associated with the shafts 42 and 48. These latter are identified by the same numerals with the addition of a subscript a.

The shaft 48 carries a worm 58 which drives the worm wheel 60 mounted on the shaft 62 extending transversely of the shaft 48. The shaft 62 carries one of a pair of change gears generally indicated at 64, the other of which is mounted on the shaft 66. The shaft 64 has keyed thereto the worm 68 that drives the worm wheel 10 which is connected with a gear 12. The gear 12 drives through the idler gear 14 into a gear 16 aiiixed to the housing 18 of a differential unit generally indicated at 80.

The differential at 80 includes the bevel gears 82 journalled on the housing 18 and the bevel gears 84 and 86 in mesh therewith.

The gear 86 is mounted on the shaft 56 while the gear 84 is mounted on the shaft 88 which also carries the pinion 90 adapted for meshing with the gear 92. The gear 92 drives through the gears 94 `and 86 into the gear 88 which is keyed to the screw 26.

Electrical control system switch cams |00, |02 and |84. The cam at |02 7 60 across the adjustable resistor ||8.

4 is adapted for actuating the switch LS2 when the table moves leftwardly and for idly passing the said switch when the table moves rightwardly.

The motor 30 is preferably a three phase motor 5 but may be of any other type which may be electrlcally reversed by means of relays. The rclays and contactors are supplied with direct current ypower from any suitable source such as a generator or electronic rectifier.

Referring to Figure 3, the direct current power supply lines are indicated at LI and L2. Connected between the lines LI and L2 is a relay coil A which is adapted to be energized by the closing of the switch |06. Associated with the coil A are the normally open blades AI and A2 (Figure 4) which, upon being closed by the energization of the coil A, conduct power to the motor 30 from the power lines L3, L4 and L5.

Connected between LI and L2 is the relay coil B which has in series therewith the normally open push button |08 and the normally closed contactor blades CI. The coil B is operable, when energized, to close the normally open contactor blades BI and B2, and to open the blades B3. The blades CI and the switch |08 are bypassed by a line including the normally open blades BI, the normally closed contacts of push button switch ||0, the normally closed contacts of the single pole double throw limit switch LS2,

the normally closed contacts of the single pole double throw limit switch LS3.` the normally closed contacts of the push button switch ||2. and the normally closed contacts of limit switch LSI. The push button switch |08 and the normally closed blades CI are further bypassed by a line which includes the normally closed blades EI, the normally open blades F2 and Fi, the normally closed contacts of push button switch ||2 and the normally closed contacts of limit switch LSI.

The relay coils C and D are connected between the lines LI and L2 by a line which includes the normally open contact blades DI of the coil D. the normally closed contacts of single pole double throw limit switch LS3, the normally closed contacts of push button switch I I2, and the normally closed contacts of limit switch LSI. Also connected serially with the coil C is the push button switch I|4 having the normally closed contacts II4a and the normally open contacts ||4b.

The coil C is operable, when energized, to close the blades C2 and C3 while opening the blades CI, C4 and C5. The coil D, when energized, closes the blades D I.

A relay coil E, having normally closed blades EI, is connected between the lines LI and L2 through the normally open contactor blades C2 of the coil C. Connected in parallel with the coil E is a condenser I6 which has shunted there Serially connected with the resistor ||8 are the normally closed blades C5 of the coil C. The condenser resistor arrangement is for the purpose of delaying the de-energization of the relay coil E for a purpose which will be described hereinafter.

A pair of relay coils F and G are connected between the lines LI and L2 through a pair of normally open contactor blades Fl the normally closed contacts of the push button switch ||2 and the normally closed contacts of limit switch LSI. Relay coil B is shunted with relay coils F and G through the normally open blades F2 and normally closed blades EI.

The coil of the clutch 46a is connected between 5 the power lines LI and L2 through the normally open blades B2 of the coil B while the coil of the brake 52a is connected between the power lines through the normally closed blades B3 of the coil B.

The coil of the clutch member 46 and the coil of the brake 52 are connected between the lines Ll and L2 by the normally open contacts C3 and the normally closed contacts C4 respectively.

The relay coil G is forthe purpose o f reversing the direction of rotation of the motor 30 and, to this end, has associated therewith the contact blades Gl, G2. G3 and G4. The blades GI and G4 are normally closed and in series with the blades Al and A2 of the coil A. When the coil G is energized, theblades Gl and G4 open while the blades G2 and G3 close thus reversing the phase rotation of the motor 30 and, therefore, also the direction of rotation thereof.

Operation In operation,` a work cycle is commenced by closing the switch lut which energizes the coil A and starts the motor 30 in a forward direction. The push button H18 is then closed to energize the coil B, a holding circuit for which is established through the blades Bl.

Energization of the coil B also closes the blades B2 and opens the blades B3 which, respectively, energize the clutch coil 56a and deenergizes the brake coil 52a. The armature 58a is thus moved rightwardly into driving engagement with the magnetic member 4ta. At the same time, the coil 53 is energized while the coil 46 is deenergized so that the armature 58 is locked against the brake 58.

The motor 38 now drives through 32, 34, 36, 38, tit, 5t, 58a and shaft 58 into the bevel gear 86.

As mentioned before, the armature 50 is locked against rotation and the shaft 48 is thus also held against rotation. The gear train including 58, til, tt, 58, it, l2, 'it and 1E, therefore, holds the housing 'it of the differential 88 against rotation. The rotation cf the gear 85, therefore, drives through the gears 82 into the gear 84 and thence through 88, 83, 82, 93, 8B and 98 into the screw it thereby to drive the table 2li by means of the nut t8.

The table 2t moves leftwardly rapidly until the cam itt engages the switch LSZ. When the switch LSE is actuated, the holding circuit for coil B is broken and the blades B2 open while the blades B3 close, thereby deenergizing tta while energizing 52a. The actuation of L82 also completes a circuit to the contactor coils C and D which are held by a circuit established through the blades Dl. The energization of C energizes the coil at t8 while deenergizing the coil at 52.

Thus, the armature 58a is locked against rotation while the armature 50 is moved into driving engagement with the magnetic member 44. The drive from the motor 30 is now into the housing 'i8 of the di'erential 8|] while the bevel gear at 8G is locked against rotation. The rotation of the housing 'i8 causes the gears 82 to roll on the stationary gear 86 and thus to actuate the gear 8i to drive through the aforementioned gear train into the screw 26. The direction of rotation of the screw 28 is such that the table 2l) continues to move in the same direction but the gear ratio between the motor 30 and the said screw is such that the lmovement is at a reduced rate. The change gears at 84 determine the particular rate of movement of the said table and are so selected that the said rate has an optimum value.

The table 20 continues its leftward movement at reduced or feed speed until the cam |04 engages the limit switch LS3 whereupon the holding circuit for the coils C and D is broken to permit the blades C2 and C3 to open while closing the blades Cl, C4 and C5.

The clutch coil 4E thus becomes deenergized while the brake coil 52 becomes energized, the latter moving the armature 50 into locking engagement with the said brake.

The limit switch LS3`also energizes the coils F and G thereby reversing the motor 30 and closing the blades FI and F2, the former of which provides a. holding circuit for coils F and G while the latter of which sets up a holding circuit for coil B.

The closing of F2, however, is not effective to energize coil B because the blades El remain open until the energy stored in the coil E is dissipated through the condenser-resistor arrangement at H6, H8. The resistor, being adjustable, may be set to predetermine this time interval Within relatively close limits.

It will be noted that both of the brake coils are energized so that the entire gear train to the table reciprocating screw 26 is locked. The table 28 is thus locked in positionand dwells for a predetermined period of time.

Upon the accomplishment of the time delay period, the coil E becomes deenergized and the blades El close to complete a circuit through the coil B by energizing the latter. The clutch coil 45a is thereby energized while the brake coil 52a is deenergized. Since the motor 30 is now running in reverse direction, the table 20 will be rapidly retracted from its forward position.

The retraction movement of the table 20 continues until the cam |00 opens the limit switch LSI. This deenergizes all of the coils C, D, E, F and G so that the table halts with both of the brakes energized and the motor again running in a forward direction. A new work cycle may be commenced by closing the button |08.

The push button switch H4 is provided for the purpose of halting the feeding of the table 20 whenever d esired. and also for the purpose of inching the table forward.

The push button H2 may be depressed at any time to return the table 20 to its initial position while the push button l l0 may be depressed at any time during the rapid traverse of the table 2U toward or from the spindles l2, Hi to stop the movement of the said table.

It will be apparent that this invention. is capable of being modified in various manners. For example, the differential unit at 8U, while it is illustrated as a geared device employing bevel gears, could, it will be understood, be replace-d by a planetary or epicyclic gear train if found desirable. Likewise, although the output member is shown as a screw, it will be apparent that a rack and pinion or a drive shaft or any other power absorbing or transmitting means could be actuated by the output shaft 88.

It will also be apparent that while only one drive motor is shown in the drawings there could be a drive motor for each of the shafts -42 and 54 and that these motors could be reversible and variable speed or constant speed as desired. These motors could also comprise braking means integral therewith in which case the brake units 52 and 52a would be eliminated and the shafts 48 and 56 made integral with the shafts 42 and 54, respectively.

In the event that exceedingly close control of -are themselves the driven member was not required, the motors could drive through self-locking worm gears into the shafts 42 and 54 and, if suitable controls were provided, the motors could be energized to actuate the shafts and de-energized to lock them. Thus, while it is preferable, for the accurate control of the driven member, to employ electrically actuated clutches and brakes for driving and for braking the shafts 48 and 5B, in certain instances other, less precise, electrically actuated means could be provided for performing this function.

Modification of Figures through 9 In Figures 5 through 9 there is illustrated a. somewhat modied arrangement wherein the machine bed 200 comprises a vertical slide 202 in which is reciprocably mounted a spindle supporting frame 204 that carries the work spindles 20B and 208. The spindles 206 and 208 are tted with the tools 2I0 and 2I2 that are driven in rotation by any suitable power means.

Reciprocable on the bed 200 is the slide 2l4 which is driven in reciprocation by the screw 2 I6 in a manner already described in connection with the modification of Figure 1.

The work supporting `fixture erally at 2l8 and comprises a turret 220, which may be hexagonal, and which is rotatably mounted in the brackets 222 and 224. 'I'he several faces of the turret 220 are adapted for supporting suitable workpiece receiving fixtures or tted with clamps for securing workpieces to the said turret faces. Such clamps could take the form of the brackets indicated at 226 which clamp the workpieces 228 to the turret faces as by the bolts 230.

For indexing the turret in its several operative positions, there is provided the arm 232 which is connected with the turret through an over-running clutch mechanism illustrated in Figure 8. The turret has a portion 234 extending therefrom into a cylindrical recess 236 of the arm 232 and has a plurality of wedge shaped peripheral notches 238 within which are located the rollers 240. When the arm 232 is moved in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Figure 8, the portion 234 and, therefore, the turret 220 is driven. However, when the arm 232 moves in the opposite direction the turret is not driven.

Also associated with the turret is a detent mechanism consisting of the notched wheel 242 secured to the turret and the spring pressed plunger 243 that is located in the bracket 224. By means of this detent mechanism the indexing of the turret is made precise and is retained in its indexed position during the machining of the workpiece.

For actuating the arm 232 as the table 2|4 reciprocates, there is provided in the end of the said arm a notch 244 and connected with the machine bed 200 is an upstanding nger 246 which lies in the path of the arm 232 as the said table reciprocates. When the table is moving forward the arm 232 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction and does not actuate the turret 220. However, when the table 2 I4 retracts the arm 232 is rocked in a clockwise direction and indexes the turret to its next operative position.

As in the case of the structure illustrated in Figure 1, the bed 200 may mount a plurality of limit switches as at 248 which are actuated by a plurality of cams carried by the table 2 I4 on an extension as at 250.

It will be understood that it is desired to comprehend such modifications in arrangement and is indicated genstructure and substitution of equivalents as may be considered to come within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In a machine tool, bed support means, spindle means carried by said bed support means, table support means reciprocally movable on said bed support means toward and away from said spindle means, reversible power means for driving said table support means, a plurality of selectably engageable driving connections having different speed ratios interconnecting said table support means with said power means, an electrical brake and an electrical clutch associated with each of said driving connections energizable selectively to render ineffective or effective the associated driving connection, first electrical control means for operating the power means in a first direction and for energizing the clutch in a rst of said driving connections and the brake in a second of said driving connections, the said rst of said driving connections having a higher speed ratio than the second oi said driving connections to bring about a rapid advance of said table support means relative to said spindle means, second electrical control means for continuously operating the power means in said rst direction but energizing the brake in the said rst of said driving connections and the said clutch in the second of said driving connections, the said second of said driving connections eiecting a lower speed ratio than that of the .said rst of said driving connections to bring about a feeding advance movement of said table support means relative to said spindle means, third electrical control means for operating the power means in a reverse direction and for energizing the clutch in the first of said driving connections and the brake in the second of said driving connections to bring about a rapid reverse traverse of the table support means away from the spindle means, rst, second and third switch means mounted at spaced intervals on one of said support means, and switch actuating means mounted on the other of said support means, said switch actuating means actuating the rst, second and third switch means in sequence to bring about a cycle of operation upon relative movement between the bed support means and the table support means, said rst, second and third switch means respectively governing the operation of the rst, second and third electrical control means to bring about the said complete cycle of operation of said table support means relative to said spindle means.

2. In a machine tool, bed support means, spindle means carried by said bed support means, table support means reciprocally movable on said bed support means toward and away from said spindle means, reversible power means for driving said table support means, a plurality of selectably engageable driving connections having different speed ratios interconnecting said table support means with said power means, an electrical brake and an electrical clutch associated with each of said driving connections energizable selectively to render ineiective or eiective the associated driving connection, rst electrical control means for operating the power means in a rst direction and for energizing the clutch in one of said driving connections and the brake in the remaining of said driving connections, the said one of said driving connections having a higher speed ratio than the remaining of said driving connections to bring about a rapid advance of said table support means relative to said spindle dle means carried by means, second electrical control means for continuously operating the power means in said first direction but energizing the clutch in another of said driving connections and the brake in the remaining of said driving connections, the said another of said driving connections having changegear means and effecting a lower speed ratio than thatI of the said one of said driving connections to bring about a feeding advance movement of said table support means relative to said spindle means, third electrical control means for operating the power means in a reverse directionand for energizing the clutch in the one of said driving connections and the brake in the remaining of said driving connections to bring about a rapid reverse traverse of the table support -means away from the spindle means, iirst, second and third switch means mounted at spaced intervals on one of said support means, and switch actuating means mounted on the other of said support means, said switch actuating means actuating the iirst, second and third switch meansV in sequence to bring about a cycle of operation upon relative movement between the bed support means and the table support means, said first, second and third switch means respectively governing the operation of the first, second and third electrical control means to bring about the said complete cycle of operation of said table support means relative to said spindle means.

3. In a machine tool, bed support means, spint said bed support means, table support means reciprocally movable on said bed support means toward and away from said spindle means, reversible power means for driving said table support means, a plurality of selectably engageable driving connections having different speed ratios interconnecting said table support means with said power means, an electrical brake and an electrical clutch associated with each of said driving connections energizable selectively to render ineiective or eiective the associated driving connection, rst electrical control means for operating the power means in a rst direction and for energizing the clutch in one of said driving connections and the brake in the remaining of said driving connections, the said one of said driving connections having a higher speed ratio than the remaining of said driving connections to bring about a rapid advance of said table support means relative to said spindle means, second electrical control means for continuously operating the power means in said first direction but energizing the clutch in another of said driving connections and the said brake in the remaining of said driving connections, the said another of said driving connections eiecting a lower speed ratio than that of the said one of said driving connections to bring about a feeding advance movement of said table support means relative to said spindle means, third electrical control means for operating the power means in a reverse direction and for energizing the clutch in the one of said driving connections and the brake in the remaining of said driving connections to bring about a rapid reverse traverse, of the 4table support means away from the spindle means, rst, second and third switch means mounted at spaced intervals on one of said support means, and switch actuating means mounted on the other of said support means, said switch actuating means actuating the first, second and third switch means in sequence to bring about a cycle of operation upon relative movement between the bed support means and the table support means, said first, second and third switch means operation oi the rst,

ltable support means reciprocally movable on said ing said ftable support means, a plurality of selectably engageable driving connections having different speed ratios interconnecting said table support means with said power means, means associated with each of said driving connections operable selectively to render ineiective or effective the associated driving connection. rst electrical control means for operating the power means in a first direction and for rendering one of said driving connections eilective, the said one of said driving connections having a higher speed ratio than the remaining of said driving connections to bring about a rapid advance of said table support means relative to said spindle means, second electrical control means for continuously operating the power means in said irst direction but rendering said one of the driving connections ineffective and rendering another of said driving connections effective, the said another of said driving connections eiecting a lower speed ratio than that of the said one of said driving connections to bring about a feeding advance movement of said table support means relative to said spindle means, third electrical control means for operating the power means in a reverse direction and for again rendering the one driving connection effective to bring about a rapid reverse traverse of the table support means aawy from the spindle means, rst, second and third switch means mountedat spaced intervals on one of said support means.- and irst, second and third switch actuating means mounted at spaced intervals on the other of said support means, said rst, second and third actuating means respectively actuating the rst, second and third switch means in sequence to bring about a cycle of operation upon relative movement between the bed support means and the table support means, said rst, second and third switch means respectively governing the operation of the iirst, second and third electrical control means to bring about the said complete cycle of operation of said table support means relative to said spindle means.

5. In a machine tool, bed support means, spindle means carried by said bed support means, table support means reciprocally movable on said bed support means toward and away from said spindle means, reversible power means for driving said table support means, a plurality oi selectably engageable driving connections having different speed ratios and interconnecting said table support means with said power means, means associated with each of said driving connections operable selectively to render ineffective or eiective the associated driving connection, irst electrical control means for operating the power means in a rst direction and for rendering one of said driving connections effective, the said one of said driving connections having a higher speed v i a,4a1,sss

11 ratio than the remaining oi' said driving connections to bring about a rapid advance of said table support means relative to said spindle means. seoond electrical control means for continuously operating the power means in said iirst direction but rendering said one oi the driving connections ineiective and rendering another of said driving connections eii'ective, the said another of said driving connections elrecting a lower speed ratio than that of the said one of said driving connections to bring about a feeding advance movement of said table support means relative to said spindle means, third electrical control means for operating the power means in a reverse direction and for again rendering the said one driving connection eliective to bring about a rapid reverse traverse of the table support means away from the spindle means. first, second and third switch 12 means mounted at spaced intervals on one of said support means, and switch actuating means mounted on the other of said support means for cooperating with and actuating said switch means.

CLIFFORD A. BICKEL. STANLEY A. BRANDENBURG. THEODORE FOSTER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

